Tooth decay occurs when the enamel, the outermost layer of the tooth, is damaged by acids produced by bacteria in the mouth. These bacteria thrive on sugary and starchy foods, producing acid as they break down these substances. Over time, the acid wears down the enamel, creating small holes known as cavities. If left untreated, the decay can progress deeper into the tooth, reaching the dentin and eventually the pulp, which houses the nerves and blood vessels. This can cause pain, sensitivity, and even infection, making early detection and treatment essential.

Cavities are typically treated with dental fillings, a procedure in which the dentist removes the decayed portion of the tooth and fills the cavity with materials like composite resin, amalgam, or porcelain. This restores the tooth’s structure and prevents further decay. However, if cavities are not treated promptly, the decay can reach the tooth’s pulp, causing severe pain or infection. At this stage, a root canal treatment may be necessary to remove the infected tissue and save the tooth. Without timely intervention, the infection can worsen, potentially leading to tooth loss or other serious complications. Treating cavities early with a filling is a simple and effective way to protect your oral health and avoid more extensive dental procedures.