Periodontal gum disease, or periodontitis, is a serious infection of the gums that damages the soft tissue and can lead to the loss of teeth if left untreated. It often begins as gingivitis, a milder form of gum disease characterized by red, swollen gums and bleeding while brushing or flossing. If not addressed, the infection can spread below the gumline, causing pockets to form between the teeth and gums where bacteria thrive. Over time, this can result in bone loss and weakened tooth stability. Periodontitis is commonly caused by poor oral hygiene, but factors like smoking, genetics, and certain medical conditions can also increase the risk.

Dentists play a critical role in managing periodontal gum disease through treatments like deep cleaning, also known as scaling and root planing. This procedure involves removing plaque, tartar, and bacteria from below the gumline and smoothing the tooth roots to prevent future buildup. By targeting the infection at its source, deep cleaning helps reduce inflammation, shrink gum pockets, and promote healing. In more advanced cases, dentists may recommend additional treatments, such as antibiotic therapy or surgery, to restore gum health. Regular dental visits and improved oral hygiene are essential to maintaining the results and preventing further progression of the disease.